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This system has been standardized in the Korea dress size standard KS K9404 introduced in 1999 and in Japan dress size standard JIS L4006 introduced in 1998. The breasts should be enclosed by the cups and there should be a smooth line where the fabric at the top of the cup ends. These cup measurements are only correct for converting cup sizes for a 34-inch (86cm) band to cm using this particular method, because cup size is relative to band size. [74] This principle means that bras of differing band size can have the same volume. For example, the cup volume is the same for 30D, 32C, 34B, and 36A. These related bra sizes of the same cup volume are called sister sizes. For a list of such sizes, refer to § Calculating cup volume and breast weight. Constructing a properly fitting brassiere is difficult. Adelle Kirk, formerly a manager at the global Kurt Salmon management consulting firm that specializes in the apparel and retail businesses, said that making bras is complex: For best results, the breasts should be measured twice: once when standing upright, once bending over at the waist with the breasts hanging down. [16] If the difference between these two measurements is more than 10cm, then the average is chosen for calculating the cup size. [ citation needed] A number of reports, surveys and studies in different countries have found that between 80% and 85% of women wear incorrectly fitted bras. [17] [ unreliable source?]

Manufacturers try to design and manufacture bras that correctly fit the majority of women, while individual women try to identify correctly fitting bras among different styles and sizing systems. [1] Asymmetric: If your breasts are different sizes, you're not alone—around 40 percent of women who experience ThirdLove's Virtual Fitting Room classify themselves as having this breast shape, Cohen says. She recommends a bra that has removable inserts, so you can incorporate an insert on one side to give your smaller breast a boost.

In November 2005, Oprah Winfrey produced a show devoted to bras and bra sizes, during which she talked about research that eight out of ten women wear the wrong size bra. [18] Larger breasts and bra fit [ edit ] A woman wearing bra size 30E exhibits correct band fit (30) with a cup fit (E) that is too small for her. A measuring tape is pulled around the torso at the inframammary fold. The tape is then pulled tight while remaining horizontal and parallel to the floor. The measurement in inches is then rounded to the nearest even number for the band size. [56] [57] As of March2018 [update], Kohl's uses this method for its online fitting guide. [58] Underbust +4 [ edit ]

In South Korea and Japan the torso is measured in centimetres and rounded to the nearest multiple of 5cm. Band sizes run 65-70-75-80..., increasing in steps of 5cm, similar to the English double inch. A person with a loosely measured underbust circumference of 78–82cm should wear a band size 80. European bra sizes are based on centimeters. They are also known as International. Abbreviations such as EU, Intl and Int are all referring to the same European bra size convention. These sizes are used in most of Europe and large parts of the world. Cup sizes vary from one country to another. For example, a U.S. H-cup does not have the same size as an Australian, even though both are based on measurements in inches. The larger the cup size, the bigger the variation. [68] Over the bust/band measurement difference and cup size [69] [70] Difference The straps of a correctly fitted bra should not dig into or slip off the shoulder, which suggests a too-large band. The French and Spanish system is a permutation of the Continental European sizing system. While cup sizes are the same, band sizes are exactly 15cm larger than the European band size.If a cup is a hemisphere, its volume V is given by the following formula: [101] V = 2 π r 3 3 = π D 3 12 {\displaystyle V={\frac {2\pi r Leading brands and manufacturers including Panache, Bestform, Gossard, Freya, Curvy Kate, Bravissimo and Fantasie, which use the British standard band sizes (where underbust measurement equals band size) 28-30-32-34-36-38-40-42-44, and so on. Cup sizes are designated by AA-A-B-C-D-DD-E-F-FF-G-GG-H-HH-J-JJ-K-KK-L. [81] Athletic: Wider breasts with more muscle and less tissue tend to have a problem with cup gaping. Due to this, Cohen recommends t-shirt style bras. Note that, in general, countries that employ metric cup sizing (like in § Continental Europe) have their own system of 2cm (0.79in) increments that result in cup sizes which differ from those using inches, since 1 inch (2.5cm) does not equal 2 centimetres (0.79in). [ citation needed] Multiple hook and eye closures were introduced in the 1930s that enabled adjustment of bands. Prior to the widespread use of bras, the undergarment of choice for Western women was a corset. To help women meet the perceived ideal female body shape, corset and girdle manufacturers used a calculation called hip spring, the difference between waist and hip measurement (usually 10–12 inches (25–30cm)). [12]

Bell Shaped: These breasts are slimmer at the top and fuller at the bottom. This normally characterizes someone as a larger cup size and they may experience overflow with minimal coverage styles like balconette or demi. Instead, try a full-coverage bra that features wider memory foam straps that provide support, but don't dig in. Breasts weigh up to ~1 kg and not ~0.2 .. 0.3kg. [93] [95] [96] [97] Tyrer said, "By measuring the diameter of the chest and breasts current measurements are supposed to tell you something about the size and volume of each breast, but in fact it doesn't". [93] Bra companies remain reluctant to manufacture Tyrer's prototype, [94] which is a front closing bra with more vertical orientation and adjustable cups. [94] Calculating cup volume and breast weight [ edit ] Each cup's underwire at the front should lie flat against the sternum (not the breast), along the inframammary fold, and should not dig into the chest or the breasts, rub or poke out at the front. This method begins the same way as the underbust +0 method, where a measuring tape is pulled tight around the torso under the bust while remaining horizontal. If the measurement is even, 4 is added to calculate the band size. If it is odd, 5 is added. Kohl's used this method in 2013. [59] The "war on plus four" was a name given to a campaign (circa 2011) against this method, with underbust +0 supporters claiming that the then-ubiquitous +4 method fails to fit a majority of women. [60] Underbust +4 method generally only applies to the US and UK sizes.The shape, size, position, symmetry, spacing, firmness, and sag of individual women's breasts vary considerably. Manufacturers' bra size labelling systems vary from country to country because no international standards exist. Even within a country, one study found that the bra size label was consistently different from the measured size. [2] As a result of all these factors, about 25% of women have a difficult time finding a properly fitted bra, [3] and some women choose to buy custom-made bras due to the unique shape of their breasts. However, though various manufacturers used the same descriptions of bra sizes (e.g., A to D, small large, etc.), there was no standardisation of what these descriptions actually measured, so that each company had its own standards. A 2012 study by White and Scurr University of Portsmouth compared method that adds 4 to the band size over-the-bust method used in many United Kingdom lingerie shops with and compared that to measurements obtained using a professional method. [ citation needed] The study relied on the professional bra-fitting method described by McGhee and Steele (2010). [75] The study [76] utilized a five-step approach to obtain the best fitting bra size for an individual. The study measured 45 women using the traditional selection method that adds 4 to the band size over-the-bust method. Women tried bras on until they obtained the best fit based on professional bra fitting criteria. The researchers found that 76% of women overestimated their band and 84% underestimated their cup size. When women wear bras with too big a band, breast support is reduced. Too small a cup size may cause skin irritation. They noted that "ill-fitting bras and insufficient breast support can lead to the development of musculoskeletal pain and inhibit women participating in physical activity.". [77] The study recommended that women should be educated about the criteria for finding a well-fitting bra. [76] They recommended that women measure under their bust to determine their band size rather than the traditional over the bust measurement method. [76] Manufacturer design standards [ edit ] In 2010, the most common bra size sold in the UK was 36D. [19] [53] In 2004, market research company Mintel reported that bust sizes in the United Kingdom had increased from 1998 to 2004 in younger as well as older consumers, while a more recent study showed that the most often sold bra size in the US in 2008 was 36D. [54] Learning how to measure bra size can feel uncomfortable, but knowing your measurements—and keeping them written in a note on your phone or somewhere else that's accessible when the bra-shopping mood strikes—will make bra shopping so much easier, especially for online shoppers. Equipment for measuring bra size is minimal: All you need is a tape measure and a little free time, and you'll have saved yourself a lot of bra-shopping misery. Best of all, knowing how to measure your bust will make adjusting to changes in your breasts (from losing or gaining weight, hormone fluctuations, aging, pregnancy, and more) so much less stressful.