DeLonghi PAC EL98 ECOREALFEEL Black,Grey,White - DeLonghi PAC EL98 ECOREALFEEL, A, 1.02 kWh, Black,Grey,White, 450 mm, 410 mm, 750 mm

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Although almost all penguin species are native to the Southern Hemisphere, they are not found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin actually live so far south. Several species live in the temperate zone; [63] [ failed verification] one, the Galápagos penguin, lives as far north as the Galápagos Islands, but this is only made possible by the cold, rich waters of the Antarctic Humboldt Current that flows around these islands. [64] Also, though the climate of the Arctic and Antarctic regions is similar, there are no penguins found in the Arctic. [65] Gálapagos Penguins Near Isabela Island The basal penguins lived around the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event somewhere in the general area of (southern) New Zealand and Byrd Land, Antarctica. [3] Due to plate tectonics, these areas were at that time less than 1,500 kilometres (930mi) apart rather than the 4,000 kilometres (2,500mi) of today. The most recent common ancestor of penguins and their sister clade can be roughly dated to the Campanian– Maastrichtian boundary, around 70–68 mya. [31] [33] [34] What can be said as certainly as possible in the absence of direct (i.e., fossil) evidence is that, by the end of the Cretaceous, the penguin lineage must have been evolutionarily well distinct, though much less so morphologically.

International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (May 1, 2004). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Emperor Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020. Olson, S.L. (1985). "Faunal Turnover in South American Fossil Avifaunas: The Insufficiencies of the Fossil Record" (PDF). Evolution. 39 (5): 1174–1177. doi: 10.2307/2408747. JSTOR 2408747. PMID 28561505. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 17, 2009 . Retrieved September 25, 2010. Named on an isolated humerus which is unable to be compared to other species present in the same locality. Similar size to a specimen referred to Delphinornis larseni. Later, an interspersed period of slight warming was ended by the Middle Miocene Climate Transition, a sharp drop in global average temperature from 14 to 12 mya, and similar abrupt cooling events followed at 8 mya and 4 mya; by the end of the Tortonian, the Antarctic ice sheet was already much like today in volume and extent. The emergence of most of today's Subantarctic penguin species almost certainly was caused by this sequence of Neogene climate shifts. The word penguin first appears in literature at the end of the 16th century. [9] When European explorers discovered what are today known as penguins in the Southern Hemisphere, they noticed their similar appearance to the great auk of the Northern Hemisphere and named them after this bird, although they are not closely related. [10]Traditionally, most extinct species of penguins, giant or small, had been placed in the paraphyletic subfamily called Palaeeudyptinae. More recently, with new taxa being discovered and placed in the phylogeny if possible, it is becoming accepted that there were at least two major extinct lineages. One or two closely related ones occurred in Patagonia, and at least one other—which is or includes the paleeudyptines as recognized today – occurred on most Antarctic and Subantarctic coasts. Perudyptes from northern Peru was dated to 42 mya. An unnamed fossil from Argentina proves that, by the Bartonian (Middle Eocene), some 39–38 mya, [36] primitive penguins had spread to South America and were in the process of expanding into Atlantic waters. [30] Palaeeudyptines

Jouventin, P; Aubin, T; Lengagne, T (1999). "Finding a parent in a king penguin colony: The acoustic system of individual recognition". Animal Behaviour. 57 (#6): 1175–1183. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1999.1086. PMID 10373249. S2CID 45578269. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022 . Retrieved December 26, 2019. Banks, Jonathan C.; Mitchell, Anthony D.; Waas, Joseph R. & Paterson, Adrian M. (2002). "An unexpected pattern of molecular divergence within the blue penguin ( Eudyptula minor) complex" (PDF). Notornis. 49 (#1): 29–38. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 24, 2007. a b c d e f g h i j k l Baker, A. J; Pereira, S. L.; Haddrath, O. P; Edge, K.-A. (2006). "Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 273 (#1582): 11–7. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2005.3260. PMC 1560011. PMID 16519228. What seems clear is that penguins belong to a clade of Neoaves (living birds except for paleognaths and fowl) that comprises what is sometimes called " higher waterbirds" to distinguish them from the more ancient waterfowl. This group contains such birds as storks, rails, and the seabirds, with the possible exception of the Charadriiformes. [42] Jadwiszczak, P. (2009). "Penguin past: The current state of knowledge". Polish Polar Research. 30: 3–28. Archived from the original on March 7, 2022 . Retrieved November 13, 2014.Penguins hunt at sea, using their excellent swimming abilities to capture their prey, which includes ocean animals such as krill, fish and squid. Predators of penguins include sharks, killer whales (orcas) and leopard seals. Swear words, sexual references, hate speech, discriminatory remarks, threats, or references to violence Grabski, Valerie (2009). "Little Penguin – Penguin Project". Penguin Sentinels/University of Washington. Archived from the original on December 16, 2011 . Retrieved September 24, 2022. a b c Clarke, Julia A.; Olivero, Eduardo B. & Puerta, Pablo (2003). "Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America and first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3423): 1–18. doi: 10.1206/0003-0082(2003)423<0001:dotefp>2.0.co;2. hdl: 2246/2788. S2CID 19041678. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2007 . Retrieved January 4, 2007.

Ed Young (October 20, 2015). "Busting Myths About Penguin Feathers". National Geographic. Archived from the original on October 7, 2018 . Retrieved October 7, 2018. In total, there are around nineteen different types of penguins. The exact number of penguin species is disputed because some penguins are very closely related to others, making classification difficult. Named on an isolated humerus which is unable to be compared to other species present in the same locality. International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (August 16, 2018). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Chinstrap Penguin". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Archived from the original on March 4, 2020 . Retrieved June 2, 2020.Gentoo penguins are the fastest underwater birds in the world. They are capable of reaching speeds up to 36km (about 22 miles) per hour while searching for food or escaping from predators. They are also able to dive to depths of 170–200 meters (about 560–660 feet). [49] The small penguins do not usually dive deep; they catch their prey near the surface in dives that normally last only one or two minutes. Larger penguins can dive deep in case of need. Emperor penguins are the world's deepest-diving birds. They can dive to depths of approximately 550 meters (1,800 feet) while searching for food. [50] The royal penguin is very closely related to the macaroni penguin. The main physical difference between the two birds is the royal penguin’s white face. So closely-related are the two species that many scientists consider them to be the same species. The Gentoo penguin is the third-largest species of penguin. It can be identified by the distinctive white stripe that runs from eye to eye over the top of the head. Other distinguishing features include a bright orange bill and orange feet.