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In mathematics and physics, Penrose graphical notation or tensor diagram notation is a (usually handwritten) visual depiction of multilinear functions or tensors proposed by Roger Penrose in 1971. [1] A diagram in the notation consists of several shapes linked together by lines. Penrose diagrams". jila.colorado.edu. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020 . Retrieved 7 October 2020.

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In 1989, Penrose was awarded the Dirac Medal and Prize of the British Institute of Physics. He was also made an Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics (HonFInstP). [107] Independent report: John Penrose MP publishes proposals to strengthen UK’s competition regime - GOV.UK R. Penrose (1979). "Singularities and Time-Asymmetry". In S. W. Hawking; W. Israel (eds.). General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey. Cambridge University Press. pp.581–638. Zenil, Hector (2013). A Computable Universe: Understanding and Exploring Nature as Computation. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4374-30-9.

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Following up his "weak cosmic censorship hypothesis", Penrose went on, in 1979, to formulate a stronger version called the "strong censorship hypothesis". Together with the Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz conjecture and issues of nonlinear stability, settling the censorship conjectures is one of the most important outstanding problems in general relativity. Also from 1979, dates Penrose's influential Weyl curvature hypothesis on the initial conditions of the observable part of the universe and the origin of the second law of thermodynamics. [49] Penrose and James Terrell independently realised that objects travelling near the speed of light will appear to undergo a peculiar skewing or rotation. This effect has come to be called the Terrell rotation or Penrose–Terrell rotation. [50] [51] A Penrose tiling The Penrose stairs or Penrose steps, also dubbed the impossible staircase, is an impossible object created by Oscar Reutersvärd in 1937 [1] [2] [3] [4] and later independently discovered and made popular by Lionel Penrose and his son Roger Penrose. [5] A variation on the Penrose triangle, it is a two-dimensional depiction of a staircase in which the stairs make four 90-degree turns as they ascend or descend yet form a continuous loop, so that a person could climb them forever and never get any higher. This is clearly impossible in three-dimensional Euclidean geometry but possible in some non-Euclidean geometry like in nil geometry. [6]

‘The miracle that disrupts order’: mathematicians invent new

Misner, Charles; Thorne, Kip S. & Wheeler, John Archibald (1973). Gravitation. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-0-7167-0344-0. (See Box 34.2.)Penrose responded to criticism of The Emperor's New Mind with his follow-up 1994 book Shadows of the Mind, and in 1997 with The Large, the Small and the Human Mind. In those works, he also combined his observations with those of anesthesiologist Stuart Hameroff. [83] One of mathematics’ most intriguing visual mysteries has finally been solved – thanks to a hobbyist in England. Roger Penrose Doctor Honoris Causa por el Cinvestav". cinvestav.mx (in Mexican Spanish). Archived from the original on 7 December 2021 . Retrieved 6 October 2020. Hawking, Stephen W.; Penrose, Roger (1996). The Nature of Space and Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03791-2. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021 . Retrieved 7 October 2020. Penrose Estate Agents Ltd. Registered Office: 386 Hitchin Rd, Luton LU2 7SR. Company No. 10067796 Registered in England. e: [email protected] t: 01582 280 818